Aphasia is a stroke symptom

You may have heard that the famous movie star Bruse Willis has aphasia, and he will step away from making movies.

I have seen a lot of aphasia. I worked in a comprehensive stroke center for many, many years in Buffalo, New York.

What is aphasia?

Aphasia is a neurologic deficit! That means a part of the brain is not working—there are two kinds. One is Wernicke’s aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia individuals have difficulty understanding written and spoken language.

The other one is Broca’s aphasia or expressive aphasia, characterized by partial loss of the ability to produce language (spokenmanual, or written), although comprehension generally remains intact.

Wernicke’s aphasia is a problem with understanding words, and Broca’s aphasia is a deficit in talking. Why are there two kinds? Because the centers for Broca and Wernicke are separate in the brain.

The image of the side of the human brain below shows Broca’s area responsible for expressing and the Wernicke that makes understanding language possible.

Taken from NIH publication 97-4257, Public Domain,

However, suppose the stroke is minor and affects only one part, the person is relatively lucky. However, if the stroke involves the middle cerebral artery, which is bigger and covers both the Broca and Wernicke’s area, in that case, both Broca and Wernicke’s aphasia happens, which is called global aphasia.

The pink area in the image below shows the brain parts supplied by the middle cerebral artery. If you compare the image above, you can tell that the middle cerebral artery also covers the Broca and Wernicke areas.

By Henry Vandyke Carter – Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body Bartleby.com: Gray’s Anatomy, Plate 517, Public Domain,

The person has more than global aphasia if the middle cerebral artery is involved. The other brain parts responsible for supplying the body parts for movement and sensation are also involved.

The image below is a front view of the human brain and shows the parts of the body served by each region. The middle cerebral artery supplies the area from the arm to the tongue.

By File:1421 Sensory Homunculus.jpg: OpenStax College derivative work: Popadius – This file was derived from: 1421 Sensory Homunculus.jpg:, CC BY 3.0,

A stroke in the middle cerebral artery means the person will also have paralysis of the arms, hands, possibly the legs, muscles of the face, and there may be issues with swallowing.

According to Mayo Clinic and based on my experience, the most common cause of aphasia is a stroke. What causes a stroke? Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and smoking are risk factors. 

The COVID-19 shots can also cause blood clots leading to a stroke. I have written many articles about those.

I don’t know what caused Bruce’s aphasia. Aphasia can improve with speech therapy, and any paralysis can improve with rehabilitation medicine and physical therapy.

Let’s hope and pray that Bruce Willis gets better.

 

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