This article features a study that showed that the spike protein alone of the SARS-CoV-2 causes vascular damage.
The study, SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2, has been peer-reviewed and published at Circulation Research on April 30, 2021.
The SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike protein to attach to the ACE2 receptors of the human respiratory cells. ACE2 is present in many cell types and tissues including the lungs, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.
The spike protein is also the main component of COVID-19 vaccines to elicit immunity.
The following is a backgrounder to understand the study better.
The Endothelium
The endothelium is the inner lining of all the arteries, veins, and capillaries. All organs of the body need an uninterrupted supply of oxygenated blood and nutrients.
The endothelium should be smooth to assure a laminar flow of the red blood cells and platelets. If not, the blood cells will start to stick together and trigger the clotting cascade forming a blood clot.
The endothelial cells perform the complex task of maintaining a smooth lining to assure unobstructed blood flow. They can dissolve unwanted blood clots, remove any dead cells with the blood vessels, and replace them with new ones.
Nitric oxide, a molecule secreted by the endothelial cells, is responsible for making all of those functions happen. Nitric oxide is so essential to the human body that it became the molecule of the year in 1992, and its discoverers won the Nobel Prize.
The constant maintenance of the endothelium is energy-intensive. For that, cells need a reliable power supply from the mitochondria.
No energy from the mitochondria means no endothelial cell function → , poor endothelial maintenance → , blood clot formation, and loss of oxygen supply to different organs. That is why multi-system organ failure is seen in severe COVID-19 infection.
The study
Back to the study, pseudoviruses with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were introduced into the lungs of hamsters.
The hamsters subsequently had lung and mitochondrial damage. The spike protein damaged the lungs by decreasing the amount of the ACE2 receptors.
The decrease in the ACE2 led to a chain of biomolecular events that leads to endotheliitis or inflamed endothelium. This resulted in impaired mitochondrial function and decreased nitric oxide production.
Uri Manor, One of the senior co-authors, was interviewed by the prestigious Salk Institute, where he also works.
“A lot of people think of it as a respiratory disease, but it’s really a vascular disease,” says Assistant Research Professor Uri Manor, who is co-senior author of the study. “That could explain why some people have strokes, and why some people have issues in other parts of the body. The commonality between them is that they all have vascular underpinnings.”
The study concludes that the spike protein alone can cause vascular damage.
If you remove the replicating capabilities of the virus, it still has a major damaging effect on the vascular cells, simply by virtue of its ability to bind to this ACE2 receptor, the S protein receptor, now famous thanks to COVID,” Manor explains. “Further studies with mutant spike proteins will also provide new insight towards the infectivity and severity of mutant SARS CoV-2 viruses.
Comment
This study may shed light on the reported adverse events after vaccination like heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis, miscarriages, and the thousands of eye disorders. The retina is profused with small capillaries, making them prone to endotheliitis.
At present, all available COVID-19 vaccines contain the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have the modified RNA of the spike protein. Once injected, the body produces copies of the spike protein from the mRNA.
The Johnson and Johnson vaccine has the spike protein enveloped in human adenovirus. Adenovirus is a common virus that infects humans.
The Astra Zeneca COVID vaccine has a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus that encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
The Sputnik Light and Sputnik V from Russia are also based on a human adenovirus platform.
The Coronavac or Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine from China contains the complete but inactivated SARS-CoV-2.
So what is the likelihood that someone will develop a blood clot after the COVID-19 vaccination?
No one knows since the largest vaccine trial in human history is still undergoing.
Report any vaccination adverse effects to the VAERS. The report you file may help save a life someday.
Knowledge about Covid-19 is rapidly evolving. Information may update as new studies are made. Stay current by subscribing. Feel free to share.
Don’t Get Sick!
Related:
- The Magical Endothelium
- Nitric Oxide in Medicine
- Study shows 10 fold risk of developing blood clots after COVID vaccine.
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA can Change Human Genes
- You got the COVID shot and found that others developed blood clots. Now what?
- Blood Clot formation after COVID Vaccination
- Deadly Autoimmune Antibodies
- COVID-19, Autoimmunity, and Vaccination Part 3
- The Long COVID-19 Syndrome and What to Do About It
- The I-MASK+ for the Prophylaxis and Early Treatment Protocol of COVID-19
- COVID-19, Autoimmunity, and Vaccination Part 2
- 60% may already have Immunity to COVID-19
- Molecular Mimicry between the SARS-CoV-2 and the Breathing Center
- COVID-19, Autoimmunity, and Vaccination Part 1
Image Credit
Endothelium – By DRosenbach at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30308742
Normal and diseased artery: Blausen.com staff (2014). " Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. – Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33041229
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