Many became aware of graphene when a report from the University of Almeira in Spain in July 2021 showed that a Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine contained 99% graphene. So far, there are no reports to validate that finding.
That news created a negative image of graphene. However, graphene is a wonder material that has plenty of industrial and biomedical uses.
Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms one layer thick in a honeycomb shape. Its shape gives it unusual properties. Below is a graphene sheet.
Previous studies showed graphene materials to have antiviral properties against the Herpes Simplex virus, African swine fever virus, and pseudorabies virus. Graphene can capture the germs by interactions with specific antibodies or electrostatic interactions, trapping, or wrapping.
This article is about a study from Germany on what type of graphene can be helpful as an effective and safe antiviral against SARS-CoV-2.
Graphene can assume many configurations, and not all graphene can be an antiviral. Some forms are toxic.
The study from Freie University in Berlin came out with a form of graphene called graphene-polyglycerol sulfate (G-PGS). They put side chains to the G-PGS. It turned out that the length of the side chains affects the function of the G-PGS. If it is less than ten carbon atoms, it is virustatic or stops the replication of the SARS-CoV-2.
If the chain is longer than 11, the G-PGS becomes an effective SARS-CoV-2 killer or virucidal.
The image below shows the SARS-CoV-2 before and after graphene disintegrated with a long side chain. The one-atom-thick graphene makes a very sharp knife.
Finally, they arrived at the right length of G-PGS, and that is 11. G-PGS-C11 is the most effective at preventing infection of SARS-CoV-2. It is more than 99.9% effective.
It made the killing by irreversible rupturing of the lipid viral envelope of the SARS-CoV-2. G. Not only that, but PGS-C11 also prevented infection by competitive binding of the virus to its ACE2 receptor.
Another positive is that there was no cellular toxicity with G-PGS-C11.
Why are the viruses eliminated, but the cells are unaffected?
The authors explained this by the size of the cells and viruses. The cells are much larger than viruses and can tolerate surface strain better.
The other reason is that cells have self-repairing machinery that allows them to tolerate and restore membrane damage. Viruses contain genetic material only and do not have a way to self-repair.
This study is just a baby step to making graphene an antiviral against COVID-19. It may take months or years before it goes to the market. Hopefully, by that time, the science accumulated about graphene can stop another epidemic in its tracks before it becomes a pandemic.
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Related:
- Degradation of Graphene in the Human Body
- The Whole English translation of the Spanish study showing 99% Graphene Oxide in the Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine
- Lot Numbers of Pfizer and Moderna mRNA Vaccines with the Highest Deaths
- Horrific Findings in the Pfizer Biontech Vaccines
Reference:
Donskyi, Ievgen S.; Nie, Chuanxiong; Ludwig, Kai; Trimpert, Jakob; Ahmed, Rameez; Quaas, Elisa; Achazi, Katharina; Radnik, Jörg; Adeli, Mohsen; Haag, Rainer; Osterrieder, Klaus. Graphene Sheets with Defined Dual Functionalities for the Strong SARS-CoV-2 Interactions. / Small, Vol. 17, No. 11, 2007091, 18.03.2021.
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