A common belief is that once you get exposed to the COVID-19 virus, then a long-lasting immunity will develop, and there will be protection against COVID-19. That may not be the case. Two preprint studies, from Wuhan, China, and Amsterdam answers those questions. In both studies, the IgG or immunoglobulin G was tested. IgG confers…
Author: Jesse Santiano, M.D.
Foods That Can Cause Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition
This article is part of the series about migraine and hypertension. An introduction can be found here. The different manifestations of migraine without headache with aura can be read here. Tyramine rich foods that can trigger a hypertensive crisis and migraines are listed here. Tyramine is present in many foods that we eat. As they…
Foods High in Tyramine: Managing Migraines and Blood Pressure
🎧 Updated with Audio on June 9, 2025 Your browser does not support the audio element. The tyramine content of foods is relevant to two groups of people. The first are those with hypertension, and the second are those with migraines. Many people with migraines or migraineurs may not know that they have migraines,…
How Can Foods Cause Migraine and Hypertension?
On April 21, I had the worst headache of my life. It felt like bad sinusitis. However, there was visual aura in the upper and bottom part of my field of vision. I felt that I was looking thru a glass prism. It lasted the whole night and was relieved the next day after taking…
Are People Who Test Positive Again for COVID-19 Still Infectious?
A reader, CSG, asked me a question. She knew someone who became ill and tested positive for COVID-19. That person has since recovered and asymptomatic. The problem is the repeat nasal swab after 2 months is still positive. Because of the positive repeat test, it is believed that the person is still infectious and so…
Migraine Aura Without Headache
If you have seen flashes of light, visual distortions, or bright spots in your visual field, read on. You may have migraines with aura. Migraine without a headache is possible and common. What makes it a migraine is the aura, even in the absence of a headache. The aura can manifest in different ways and…
Can Healthy Foods Give You Migraine and Hypertension?
Many foods that we eat to stay healthy can also trigger migraines and also elevate blood pressure. This short article is an introduction to the series. Migraines Presents in Many Ways. The classical migraine is a unilateral headache. Some migraines present only with visual disturbances. That is called Migraine with Aura without a headache. A…
Hydroxychloroquine Lessens Mortality in Severe COVID-19 but Monitor the QT
A preliminary study from Gautret from France showed that the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin lead to a significant reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in a small number of COVID-19 patients. A study from Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, and Shanghai Institute of Advanced Histochemical Studies in China published a new study showing that hydroxychloroquine…
Diabetic Complications, Pancreatitis, and COVID-19
The pancreas is an organ inside the abdomen that is located right behind the stomach. It is essential for life as it produces digestive enzymes and hormones. Without the pancreas, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates will be hard to digest. Insulin and glucagon come from the pancreas. In the absence of these hormones, blood sugar control…
NHC Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviruses in Human Respiratory Cells and Mice
A ribonucleoside called NHC is a promising drug against COVID-19. It was studied by a collaboration of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Emory University, Vanderbilt University, Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), and the CDC. The study was published recently in Science Translational Medicine. In the study, NHC is in the form…
How Long do Covid-19 Patients Get Hospitalized?
The duration of Covid-19 hospitalization is longer than average. This article is from a study of 420 Covid-19 patients hospitalized at Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital in Shenzhen China, from January 11 to March 10, 2020. The 3 classes of Covid-19 based on symptoms Among the 420 patients, 23 or 5.5% were clinically mild. 394 or …
Covid-19 Antibodies
In an infection, the body mounts an immune response. One of the ways is by the production of antibodies or immunoglobulins (Igs). There are five kinds of immunoglobulins or Igs: G, A, M, D, and E. IgM and IgG are tested for Covid-19. The IgM usually shows up first, followed by the IgG. COVID-19 antibody…
5 Spike Protein Blocking Drugs Under Research for COVID-19
The article, How the Covid-19 Virus Tricks the Human Cell, talks about how the SARS-CoV-2 virus can attach to human cells using the receptors on the cellular surface. Once connected, the virus can enter the cells, multiply and cause cell and organ damage. Using that knowledge, a drug that can block the S protein from attaching…
How the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Tricks the Human Cell
Viral infections start with the entry of viruses into the cells. This article describes how the SARS-CoV-2 tricks the human cells to let it in. This updated article was first published on April 23, 2020 The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Covid-19. That virus has now infected almost 19 million and killed more than 700 thousand worldwide. The…
How Far Can a Sneeze Go?
The current CDC recommendation for social distancing is 6 feet or 2 meters. The thought is that at 6 feet, the droplets from coughing or sneezing would land on a surface and prevent the spread of Covid-19. The 6-feet length may have come from a study about the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS epidemic…
Blood Vessel Damage in Severe Covid-19 Patients
All organs need an adequate blood supply all the time. To ensure a healthy blood flow, the endothelium or the blood vessels’ inner lining needs to stay healthy. Smoothness, elasticity, and the ability to repair itself and prevent unwanted blood clot formation are qualities of a healthy endothelium. Read: The Magical Endothelium As people get older…
What does Covid-19 have in common with Ebola and HIV?
Patients with Ebola and HIV get lymphopenia or low lymphocytes. The viruses in both conditions enter the cells and destroy the lymphocytes. The result is a weakened immune system. Lymphopenia is also a common finding in the blood test of Covid-19 patients. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that the body uses to fight viral infections. …
Camostat: An existing drug as potential Covid-19 treatment
Camostat is a potential drug for Covid-19 by blocking the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 through the ACE2 and TMPRSS2.
Human Organs Targeted by Covid-19
The Covid-19 virus is well known to cause pneumonia. However, it can also attack some other organs. Those susceptible organs have something in common that allows the SARS-CoV-2 virus to attack them. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes Covid-19. One way the virus can enter a cell is if that cell has an ACE2 receptor. ACE2 stands…
SARS-CoV-2 stay in the Air for 16 hours
A scientific brief from the WHO has announced that SARS-COV-2 can be transmitted airborne under certain conditions. Airborne transmission of the virus can occur in health care settings where specific medical procedures, called aerosol generating procedures, generate very small droplets called aerosols. Some outbreak reports related to indoor crowded spaces have suggested the possibility of…