The Many Wonders of HDL

Posted on by Jesse Santiano, M.D.

HDL has other functions other than vascular protection. This article presents the other functions of HDL.

The salient parts are highlighted in the review article of Kyung-Hyun Cho. After reading this, you will know more about HDL than many others.

The HDL quality concerns the morphology of the HDL, such as particle size, shape, and number.

The HDL quality also depends on the composition of the HDL, such as apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, apoC-III, serum amyloid A, and α-synuclein), cholesterol, and triglyceride.

The HDL quality is also associated with the extent of HDL modification, such as glycation and oxidation, resulting in the multimerization of apoA-I, and the aggregation leads to amyloidogenesis.

The HDL quality frequently determines HDL functionality, which depends on the attached antioxidant enzyme activity, such as the paraoxonase and cholesterol efflux activity.

Conventional HDL functionality is regression, removing cholesterol from atherosclerotic lesions, and removing oxidized species in low-density lipoproteins (LDL).

Recently, HDL functionality was reported to expand the removal of β-amyloid plaque and inhibit α-synuclein aggregation in the brain to attenuate Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, respectively.

More recently, HDL functionality has been associated with the susceptibility and recovery ability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by inhibiting the activity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The appearance of dysfunctional HDL is frequently associated with many acute infectious diseases and chronic aging-related diseases.

An HDL can be a suitable biomarker to diagnose many diseases and their progression by monitoring the changes in its quantity and quality in terms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities.

An HDL can be a protein drug used for the removal of plaque and as a delivery vehicle for non-soluble drugs and genes.

A dysfunctional HDL has poor HDL quality, such as a lower apoA-I content, lower antioxidant ability, smaller size, and ambiguous shape. [1]

HDL has also been found may be useful in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. [2]

Exercise increases the good HDL but alcohol intake, but smoking and weekly alcohol intake cause HDL deterioration. [3]

If you want to improve your HDL, consider reading this article. – Exercise increases the Real Good HDL and Apolipoproteins

And if you decide to start exercising – How to Get Physically Active.

The other benefits of exercise can be read at:

  1. Exercise promotes new heart muscles
  2. Exercise alone can induce autophagy
  3. Meta-analysis shows exercise improves neuropathy
  4. Exercise releases myokines from skeletal muscles
  5. Exercise Can Stop Tumor Growth
  6. The effects of kettlebell exercises for women 65 and older
  7. Aerobic Exercise, Telomere Length and COVID-19
  8. Exercise and Peripheral Artery Disease
  9. The Benefits of Exercise for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  10. Exercise as a Solution to Erectile Dysfunction
  11. 6 Ways Exercise Protects Against Infections
  12. How to be Active from Sedentary
  13. Resistance exercises lower appetite in the obese with Type 2 diabetes
  14. Exercise during fasting hastens ketosis onset
  15. Exercise Makes Fasting Easier
  16. The kettlebell swing improves many pelvic conditions
  17. Exercise promotes new heart muscles
  18. Exercise alone can induce autophagy
  19. Meta-analysis shows exercise improves neuropathy
  20. Exercise releases myokines from skeletal muscles
  21. Physical Activity Correlates with Life Span
  22. Humanin, Longer Life Span, and How to Have More of Both
  23. Make that Game Winning Shot at the Buzzer!
  24. Physical Activity Correlates with Life Span
  25. How Does Exercise Prolong Life?
  26. The Benefits of Resistance Training
  27. The Surprising Benefits of Sweating
  28. The Good and Faithful Servant
  29. Effect of Short-Term Exercise on Mortality
  30. Exercise Guidelines
  31. Why do You Need an Excellent Performance Status?
  32. Myokines: An Introduction 
  33. What are Exerkines?

Don’t Get Sick!

Stay current by subscribing. Feel free to share and like.

Follow me on Gettr, Truth Social, Gab, Parler, Twitter, Facebook, Follow, and Telegram.

If you find value in this website, please consider buying a coffee to show your support.

References:

  1. Cho KH. The Current Status of Research on High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL): A Paradigm Shift from HDL Quantity to HDL Quality and HDL Functionality. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 2;23(7):3967. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073967. PMID: 35409326; PMCID: PMC8999423.
  2. Oberle R, Kührer K, Österreicher T, Weber F, Steinbauer S, Udonta F, Wroblewski M, Ben-Batalla I, Hassl I, Körbelin J, Unseld M, Jauhiainen M, Plochberger B, Röhrl C, Hengstschläger M, Loges S, Stangl H. The HDL particle composition determines its antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer. Life Sci Alliance. 2022 May 16;5(9):e202101317. doi: 10.26508/lsa.202101317. PMID: 35577388; PMCID: PMC9112193.
  3. Sponder M, Kopecky C, Campean IA, Emich M, Fritzer-Szekeres M, Litschauer B, Graf S, Säemann MD, Strametz-Juranek J. Sports and HDL-Quality Reflected By Serum Amyloid A and Surfactant Protein B. Int J Med Sci. 2017 Sep 3;14(11):1040-1048. doi: 10.7150/ijms.20388. PMID: 29104456; PMCID: PMC5666533.

© 2018 – 2023 Asclepiades Medicine, LLC. All Rights Reserved
DrJesseSantiano.com does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment

As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.