This article explores a groundbreaking Yale School of Medicine study identifying distinct immune signatures in individuals with Post-Vaccine Syndrome (PVS).
If you developed new symptoms after taking the COVID-19 shots and your doctor dismisses them as imaginary, keep reading. You will find the possible link between the drug and your symptoms.
Introduction
COVID-19 vaccines were started in 2021. The mass media claims that it played a crucial role in preventing severe illness and death.
Nonetheless, a small fraction of individuals report a chronic debilitating condition after vaccination. This is often referred to as Post-Vaccination Syndrome (PVS).
Researchers from Yale School of Medicine conducted a new study. It was published as a preprint in medRxiv on February 18, 2025. The research explores potential immune and antigenic signatures found in PVS.
What is Post-Vaccination Syndrome (PVS) and How Does It Compare to Long COVID?
What is Post-Vaccine Syndrome?
Post vaccination syndrome (PVS) is also known as Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS). It is a condition marked by persistent symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination. These symptoms include:
- Exercise intolerance
- Excessive fatigue
- Numbness and neuropathy
- Brain fog and cognitive issues
- Insomnia
- Heart palpitations
- Muscle pain (myalgia)
- Tinnitus or humming in the ears
- Headaches
- Burning sensations in the skin
- Dizziness
Unlike long COVID, PVS is not officially recognized by major health authorities. This lack of recognition has significantly limited medical care, research funding, and support for affected individuals.
What is Long COVID?
Long COVID is the Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC). It refers to persistent symptoms after a COVID-19 infection. These symptoms last for weeks or months after the illness. Symptoms of long COVID include:
- Fatigue and post-exertional malaise
- Shortness of breath
- Brain fog and cognitive dysfunction
- Sleep disturbances
- Loss of taste and smell
- Chest pain and heart palpitations
- Joint and muscle pain
- Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and diarrhea
- Mood disorders like anxiety and depression
How Post Vaccine Syndrome and Long COVID Compare
The molecular mechanisms of PVS are mainly unknown. However, there is considerable overlap in self-reported symptoms between long COVID and PVS.
Both conditions involve exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. This exposure comes either from infection (long COVID) or vaccination (PVS). This exposure triggers chronic inflammation and inability to control the immune system (immune dysregulation).
Post Vaccine Syndrome vs. Long COVID
| Feature | Post-Vaccination Syndrome (PVS) | Long COVID |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | Symptoms appear after COVID-19 vaccination | Symptoms appear after a COVID-19 infection |
| Recognition | Not officially recognized by health agencies | Recognized by WHO, CDC, and other health authorities |
| Symptoms | Overlap with long COVID but also includes vaccine-specific effects like burning sensations and tinnitus | Fatigue, respiratory issues, brain fog, and loss of smell/taste are more common |
| Potential Mechanism | Immune system dysregulation, possible persistence of spike protein, EBV reactivation | Viral persistence, immune dysregulation, organ damage from initial infection |
| Research Status | Limited research due to lack of recognition | More widely studied, with funding and clinical trials underway |
Both conditions involve immune system dysregulation. They share some overlapping symptoms.
The difference is that PVS is triggered by vaccination rather than infection. Due to limited research, it remains less understood. Understanding both conditions is crucial for improving patient care and developing more effective treatments.
Study Overview
The collection of all blood samples occurred between December 2022 and November 2023. These samples were from the Listen to Immune, Symptom, and Treatment Experiences Now (LISTEN) study. The study included:
- 42 PVS participants (individuals experiencing long-term symptoms post-vaccination)
- 29 women and 13 males
- No preexisting comorbidities
- 22 healthy controls (vaccinated individuals without persistent symptoms)
- 11 males and 11 women
Researchers analyzed immune system differences between these groups to identify possible biological markers linked to PVS.
Vaccine Types Among Post-Vaccine Syndrome Participants
Among the 42 PVS participants, 39 reported their index vaccine type:
- Pfizer (Comirnaty) – 14 participants
- Moderna (Spikevax) – 21 participants
- Johnson & Johnson (Jcovden) – 4 participants
Most Frequently Reported Symptoms in PVS Participants
The most commonly reported symptoms among PVS participants were:
- Excessive fatigue (85%)
- Tingling and numbness (80%)
- Exercise intolerance (80%)
- Brain fog (77.5%)
- Difficulty concentrating or focusing (72.5%)
- Trouble falling or staying asleep (70%)
- Neuropathy (70%)
- Muscle aches (70%)
- Anxiety (65%)
- Tinnitus (60%)
- Burning sensations (57.5%)
General Health and Symptom Onset
- The general health status of PVS participants was far below the US population average, based on GHVAS scores.
- Patient-reported outcome scores from the PROMIS29 domains indicated lower quality of life among PVS individuals.
- A large fraction of PVS participants reported that symptoms began as early as one day after the COVID-19 vaccination.
The General Health and Vitality Assessment Score (GHVAS) is a standardized measure. It evaluates an individual’s overall health status, including physical and mental well-being. It also compares this status to the general population.
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) is a validated tool. It assesses key health domains like pain, fatigue, physical function, sleep, emotional distress, and social well-being. This assessment provides insight into a person’s quality of life and functionality.
Key Findings
Differences in Biological Markers Between PVS and Control Groups
The study identified distinct immune and antigenic differences between PVS participants and healthy controls:
1. Differences in Immune Cell Profiles
Compared to healthy controls, PVS participants showed:
- Reduced circulating memory and effector CD4 T cells. This includes both Type 1 and Type 2 cells. They play a key role in immune response.
- Increased TNFα+ CD8 T cells, indicating heightened immune activation.
2. Lower Anti-Spike Antibody Levels
PVS participants exhibited lower anti-spike antibody titers, primarily because they received fewer vaccine doses than controls.
3. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Reactivation
- Blood tests revealed that recent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation was more common in individuals with PVS.
- EBV is a latent virus present in most adults and has been linked to immune system disturbances.
4. Presence of Circulating Spike Protein
The study revealed a striking finding. The spike protein was persistently detected in a subset of PVS participants. The authors noted, “Most notably, we found elevated levels of spike (S1 and full-length S) in circulation up to 709 days after vaccination among a subset with PVS, even in those with no evidence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection.” [Emphasis added]
This suggests that in some individuals, spike protein persist for nearly two years post-vaccination. This persistence contributes to prolonged immune activation and symptoms. This could lead to:
- Prolonged immune response: The persistence of spike protein acts as a chronic immune trigger. It keeps the immune system in a state of heightened activation. This state leads to autoimmune-like symptoms.
- Possible contribution to chronic inflammation: Continuous exposure to spike protein drives inflammatory pathways. This exposure increases the risk of systemic inflammation. It also heightens the risk of vascular damage and neurological issues.
- Implications for long-term health: If spike protein lingers in circulation, it contributes to post-vaccination symptoms. These symptoms include fatigue, neuropathy, and cognitive dysfunction. This is akin to post-viral syndromes like long COVID.
These findings show the necessity for further investigation into why spike protein persists in some individuals. It is important to understand how it contributes to chronic symptoms after vaccination.
What The Findings Mean
The findings suggest that PVS is associated with distinct immune system changes. These changes may have broader implications for long-term health. They are especially significant for individuals experiencing immune dysregulation. This includes Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) reactivation and persistence of spike protein in circulation. Below are key disease conditions that may arise from these biological disturbances:
1. Immune Dysregulation and Autoimmune Diseases
- Chronic inflammation: The immune system becomes overstimulated due to persistent spike protein exposure, which can also be caused by vaccine components. This overstimulation leads to an unregulated inflammatory response.
- Autoimmune diseases: The activation of autoreactive lymphocytes contributes to conditions like:
- Lupus (SLE): Persistent immune activation can lead to autoantibody production and systemic inflammation.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): Dysregulated immune responses affecting the nervous system.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Chronic inflammation affecting joints and connective tissues.
- Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS): Persistent immune stimulation may lead to excessive histamine release, causing allergic-type reactions and chronic inflammation.
2. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Reactivation and Associated Conditions
- Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME): EBV reactivation is linked to persistent fatigue and post-viral syndromes, resembling many PVS symptoms.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): Studies have suggested a strong association between EBV infection and MS. This is due to its triggering autoimmune responses against the nervous system.
- Lymphoproliferative disorders: Chronic EBV activation sometimes affects the immune system. It increases the risk of conditions like lymphomas.
3. Persistent Spike Protein and Neurological Disorders
- Neuroinflammation: The ability of mRNA-LNP vaccines to cross the blood-brain barrier may lead to chronic neuroinflammatory conditions, contributing to:
- Brain fog and cognitive decline
- Neuropathy and nerve damage
- Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (e.g., POTS – Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome)
- Neurodegenerative diseases: If spike protein persistence triggers prolonged neuroinflammation, it increases susceptibility to:
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- Demyelinating conditions (affecting nerve coatings like myelin). Examples are multiple sclerosis and transverse myelitis.
4. Cardiovascular and Circulatory Implications
- Microclot formation and endothelial dysfunction: Persistent spike protein has been linked to vascular inflammation, leading to:
- Increased risk of blood clot formation (micro clots)
- Myocarditis and pericarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle and surrounding tissue)
- Dysautonomia and heart rate irregularities (seen in some PVS and long COVID cases)
- Hypertension and circulatory issues: Chronic vascular inflammation contributes to long-term circulatory disorders.
These findings indicate that PVS may not just be a temporary reaction. It could have lasting consequences on immune and neurological health. Future research must explore ways to identify, diagnose, and manage these complications effectively.
The findings suggest that Post-Vaccine Syndrome is linked with distinct immune system changes. Some key takeaways include:
- Possible immune dysregulation in individuals experiencing PVS.
- Potential role of EBV reactivation in post-vaccination symptoms.
- The persistence of spike protein may be linked to ongoing symptoms.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into what happens to the body in individuals experiencing post-vaccine syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination.
Vaccines are a critical tool in controlling the pandemic. But, they should undergo thorough testing before being released. Investigating rare post-vaccination conditions is essential. This investigation helps ensure better diagnosis and care for affected individuals.
If you have post-vaccine syndrome, this article explains your symptoms mechanistically. You are not as “crazy” as other people say.
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Reference:
Iwasaki et al. Immunological and Antigenic Signatures Associated with Chronic Illnesses after COVID-19 Vaccination. medRxiv 2025.02.18.25322379; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.18.25322379
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